Introduction to Sirtuins
Sirtuins, often referred to as the "longevity genes," are a family of proteins that play a crucial role in health and lifespan. First discovered in yeast, where increased production of the sirtuin gene SIR2 extended lifespan, these proteins have since become a focal point in human longevity research.
Sirtuins in Human Longevity
In humans, variants of sirtuin genes such as SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT6 have been associated with lifespan and age-related diseases. A 2020 study of Italian centenarians revealed a SIRT6 gene variant linked to longer life. Another study in a Chinese population found that certain SIRT3 variants were associated with an average 1.3-year increase in lifespan among 589 women with a specific SIRT3 genotype.
The Role of NAD+ in Sirtuin Function
Central to sirtuin function is NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide), a crucial coenzyme. Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent deacetylases, requiring NAD+ as a cofactor to remove acetyl groups from proteins. This deacetylation process is fundamental to many of the regulatory functions of sirtuins, including gene expression, metabolism, and stress response.
NAD+ serves as both a cosubstrate and an activator for sirtuins. When NAD+ levels are high, sirtuin activity increases, promoting cellular health and potentially extending lifespan. However, NAD+ levels decline significantly with age due to several factors:
Reduced NAD+ biosynthesis
Increased NAD+ consumption by enzymes like PARPs
Chronic inflammation
Oxidative stress
Mitochondrial dysfunction
Enhancing Sirtuin Activity: NAD+ and NMN
Researchers are exploring ways to enhance sirtuin function, primarily by boosting NAD+ levels. However, NAD+ itself is not typically available as a direct dietary supplement due to issues with stability, absorption, and cellular uptake.
Instead, precursors of NAD+ are used as supplements. These include:
Nicotinamide Riboside (NR)
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN)
Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)
Nicotinamide (Niacinamide)
NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) is a direct precursor to NAD+ and is considered one of the most promising candidates for NAD+ supplementation. Here's how NMN relates to NAD+:
NMN is just one step away from NAD+ in the biosynthesis pathway.
It's converted to NAD+ by the enzyme NMNAT (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Adenylyltransferase).
Unlike NAD+, NMN can be absorbed in the small intestine and then utilized by cells to produce NAD+.
NMN is more stable than NAD+ in supplement form.
Lifestyle changes can also stimulate sirtuins:
Calorie restriction activates sirtuins, increasing lifespan in laboratory models.
Regular exercise elevates NAD+ levels, providing more fuel for sirtuins.
from LIVEWELLO.com
Bioenergetic resonating treatments may also activate sirtuins:
Dr. Bernard Straile recommends resonating with the SIRTUIN genes and NAD+ related genes, such as NADSYN with the imaet Bioenergetic Technology. One can also imprint these gene signatures into energy bracelets and wear them for longer exposures. https://www.smarthealth4u.org/practitioner-supplies
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